Piston



E. MORGAN AND C. D. 'BROWN..

PISTON.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.26,1920.

1,409,754. Patented Mar. 14, 1922.

1 :7" INVENTORS [0m Noam/v.

A TTOI'QNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

rrsron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 26. 1920. Serial No. 361,502.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EDWARD MORGAN and OLnMi D. BROWN, citizens of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pistons, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

This invention relates topistons for internal combustion engines and the like.

One object of the invention is to provide a piston of such a construction that it may be made entirely from steel, or similar metal, at a relatively low cost.

A further object of the invention is to provide a piston in which the apron will be relieved of all strain and will be capable of uniform expansion, and in which the apron may. be made of relatively thin metal.

A further object of the invention is to provide a piston in which the cross head pin will be so mounted that it will be impossible for it to come in contact with the wall of the cylinder.

A further object of the invention is to provide a piston comprising a plurality of separable parts, thereby facilitating the manufacture of the piston and enabling individual arts to be renewed when worn without discarding the piston as a whole.

Other objects of the invention will appear as the device is described in detail.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view taken centrally of the piston parallel with the axis of the cross head pin; Fig. 2 is a similar view taken transversely to the axis of the cross head pin; Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 4 is a perspective detail view of the apron; Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view of the piston head; and Fig. 6 is a perspective detail view of the yoke for the cross head pin.

In these drawings we have illustrated one embodiment of our invention and have shown the same as comprising a piston head 1 having an annular flange 2 extending rearwardly from the body portion thereof, which in the present construction is in the form of a flat plate. This head may be formed in any suitable manner but we prefer that it be piston head.

turned from. a bar of steel. and it is well adapted for production on an automatic screw machine. The apron 3 is formed separately from the head 1 and is provided with a reduced portion a which fits snugly within the flange 2 of the head. Preferably this reduced portion of the apron is provided with a flange 5 which rests upon the body portion of the head and provides a firm contact between the same and the apron. The apron 1s rigidly secured to the head in any suitable manner. As here shown, the apron is provided with inwardly extending lugs 6 having therein apertures to receive studs 7 which project from the body portion of the piston head. In the present instance there are two of these studs and they are arranged on a diametrically opposite side of the head. Any suitable means may be provided to reta1n the apron on the studs and in contact with the piston head. As here shown, the upper ends of the studs 7 are screw threaded to receive nuts 8. The piston is provided with one or more annular grooves 9 to receive the usual piston rings, and in the present construction we have shown two such grooves formed in the flange of the piston head.

The piston may be attached to the connecting rod, which is not here shown, in any suitable manner but we prefer to employ the usual cross head pin 10 and we have so mounted this pin that it will be supported independently of the apron, thereby relieving the apron of all strain, and further avoiding the necessity of forming bearings in the wall of the apron. Consequently, the apron can be made of thin light stock and may be of a uniform thickness through at its circumference, and will therefore expand and contract uniformly. The apron may be produced in various ways as by turning it from bar stock, but we prefer to draw the same from sheet steel, and if desired the rear end of the apron may be provided with an inwardtvextending bead 11 to stitl'en the same. As has been stated, the cross head pin 10 is supported independently of the Patented Mar. 14., 1922. i

apron and to this end it is carried by the A supporting structure, or yoke, 12 is arranged within the apron and has an annular portion 13 which fits snugly within the reduced portion of the apron and rests upon the flange 5. This annular portion of the yoke is provided with inwardly extending apertured lugs 14- which embrace the stud 7 and are secured thereto by the nuts 8. Extending rearwardly from the annular portion of the yoke are arms 15 having at their rear ends bearings 16 to receive the cross head pin 10. The cross head pin is secured in the bearings by suitable fastening means, such as pins 17, which, as here shown, are provided with screw threaded portions adapted to enter screw threaded apertures in the bearings.

The several parts of the piston are separately formed and then assembled to form the complete piston. As has been stated we prefer to turn the head from bar steel and to draw the apron from sheet steel. The yoke may be a stamping, to which the "bearings are attached by welding, or other suitable means. It will be apparent therefore that the several parts can be produced in quantities at a very low cost and that they can be quickly and easily assembled. When assembled they produce an all steel piston of light weight and of great strength, the cross head pin being mounted independently of the apron and no other parts being anchored thereto. Consequently, the apron will expand and contract uniformly, maintaining its true cylindrical shape. The cross head pin is mounted wholly within the apron and consequently there is no possibility of its coming in contact with and scoring the cylinder wall should it become loose in its bearings. Further, the cross head pin can not escape from its bearings even though the fastening devices should be omitted, because the pin is of such length that its longitudinal movement in its bearings will cause one end thereof to come in contact with the apron before the other end has escaped from its bearing. Not only does this construction enable us to produce an all steel piston at a relatively low cost, but it also enables the individual parts of that piston to be renewed when they become worn, thereby avoiding the necessity of discarding the piston as a whole because a part thereof is worn out or injured.

While we have shown and described an embodiment of our invention we wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to the details thereof as various modifications may occur to a person skilled in the art.

Having now fully described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I

1. In a piston, a head having an annular flange, an apron separate from said head and having a reduced portion fitting snugly within said flange, said reduced portion having an inwardly extending part arranged su stantially parallel with said head, and

means for securing the inwardly extending part of said apron directly to said head.

'2. In a piston, a head having an annular flange and having studs projecting therefrom within said flange, said head being provided exteriorly with piston ring grooves, an apron having a reduced portion fitting snugly within said flange and having apertured lugs to embrace the respective studs on said head, and fastening devices cooperating with said studs to secure said apron to said head.

3. In a piston, a head having an annular flange, an apron having a reduced portion fitting snugly within said flange, and means for attaching said apron to said head and for connecting said piston with a connecting rod independently of said apron.

4. In a piston, a head of rigid material having a circumferential flange projecting from one face thereof and provided with piston ring grooves, an apron formed of sheet metal and having a reduced portion fitting snugly within said flange for the full depth thereof, and means for rigidly securing said apron to said head.

5. In a piston, a head of rigid material, having a circumferential flange projecting from one face thereof, and provided with piston ring grooves, an apron formed of sheet metal and having a reduced portion fitting snugly within said flange for the full depth thereof, means for rigidly securing said apron to said head, a supporting structure arranged within said apron and rigidly secured to said head independently of the lateral avails of said apron, and means carried by said supporting structure for con necting said piston with a connecting rod.

8. In a piston, a head having an annular flange, an apron separate from said head and fitting snugly within said flange, and a yoke comprising an annular portion mounted within said apron and having arms provided with bearings, said apron and said yoke being rigidly secured to said head.

7. In a piston, a head having an annular flange formed integral therewith, an apron formed separately from said head and havmg a portion to fit snugly within said flange, a support1ng structure for a connecting rod pin having a part to fit within said portion of said apron which lies within said flange, and means for securing said supporting structure and said apron to said head.

8. Ina piston, a head having an annular flange, anapron having a reduced portion to lit within said flange, a yoke comprising an anular portion to fit within the reduced portion of said apron and having arms pro- VIdBd with hearings, and means for rigidly securing said yoke and said apron to said head. 4

9. In a. piston, a head having an annular flange and provided with studs arranged lit) within said flange, duced portion to having a portion an apron having a refit within said flange and provided with apertures to embrace said lugs, a yoke having an an- 5 nular portion to portion of said apronand havi to receive said studs and also fit within said reduced ng apertures having arms provided with bearings, and fastening devices cooperating with said studs to secure said yoke and said apron to said head.

In testimony whereof, we aflix our signatures hereto.

EDWARD MORGAN. CLEM D. BROWN. 

